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How the world works

Mark Granovetter

Weak ties

Mark Granovetter (1973 · American Journal of Sociology) — Weak ties.

What actually happened?

The finding has a consequence people meet without recognising it. Move to a new city or leave an industry and the close friends survive — those few hold. What disappears is the wide band of people you used to see occasionally, and that is precisely the layer that brings opportunities. So the drought after a move is not imagined and not a comment on you. It is structural, and rebuilding that layer takes time, which is why the first year somewhere new is so often silent.

It isn't willingness, it's whether the news is new

Close friends want to help more and hold almost the same information you do. A weak tie isn't more generous. He is standing somewhere else, holding the part you can't reach from here.

Your five closest friends have already told you every opening they know about. The person you met once at a conference knows the one you haven't heard.

Closure is what strong ties produce

Close to A and close to B means A and B probably know each other. The circle closes, and once closed the three of you know largely the same things. Closure gives support and trust, and it stops new information arriving.

Everyone in the group chat forwarded the same article. That is what a closed circle feels like from inside: agreement, and no new information.

Maintain breadth, not depth

Rather than pouring everything into a few people, keep more weak ties in the 'still knows who you are' state. The cost is an occasional message with no request attached — and the line has to be kept while you don't need it.

One message a year with nothing attached — congratulations on the new job — keeps a line open. Reappearing only when you need something closes it.

How do I use it today?

If you're looking for something — work, a partner, customers — and circling the same few people, count how many of the people you contacted in six months are ones you see a few times a year. If almost none, a whole source of opportunity is switched off. Just after a move or a career change, expect this and rebuild deliberately.

Deep read

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Further

Lines to keep

Of people who found work through a contact, 56% saw them only occasionally.

No strong tie is a bridge.

When you move, the layer that breaks first is the one that brought opportunities.