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Y Combinator

The World's Largest Electric Aircraft Just Flew: $5 to Take Off, Challenging Regional Airlines

Heart Aerospace's ES-30 electric aircraft takes off on $5 of electricity, with operating costs 48% lower than older models, targeting half of all flights under two hours and using hybrid power to solve backup battery challenges.

electric aircraftclean energyaviationstartupYC

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This episode chronicles the seven-year journey from a 3D-printed model to a 100-foot wingspan aircraft, revealing the economics and technological breakthroughs of electric aviation—highly illuminating for those interested in clean energy and transportation innovation.

The argument · tap a timestamp to hear it

0:00

Electric aircraft costs just $5 to take off

Heart Aerospace's ES-30, the world's largest electric aircraft, has successfully completed its first flight. With a 100-foot wingspan and a takeoff weight of 25,000 pounds, it costs only $5 in electricity to take off. Its all-electric range is 125 miles, extending to 500 miles with hybrid power, and it charges in about 30 minutes. This marks the viability of electric aviation in the regional market, with operating costs 48% lower than traditional aircraft.

— Anders Forslund
1:30

Electric motors replace jet engines

Heart's aircraft replaces jet engines with electric motors, which have just one moving part, no combustion, and almost zero wear, making them cheaper to produce and more reliable. In contrast, jet engines have thousands of parts and burn fuel at extremely high temperatures. Electric motors are nearly silent during taxiing and offer good torque characteristics, significantly reducing noise and vibration.

— Anders Forslund
3:00

Regional aviation has been neglected by technology

The complexity of jet engines makes the cost of engines for 30-seat and 70-seat aircraft similar, leading airlines to favor larger planes and longer routes, making short regional flights highly inefficient. Half of all global flights are under two hours, but existing technology cannot effectively serve this market. Heart targets 40-year-old aircraft models; the key to regional connectivity is flight cost, not distance.

— Anders Forslund
4:09

From a Swedish air force base to MIT

Anders grew up near a Swedish air force base, developing a passion for aircraft, and later pursued a PhD in jet engines at MIT. Twelve years ago, Elon Musk's MIT talk about electrifying all forms of transportation became his inspiration. He spent days researching jet engines and nights tinkering with drones, and with Swedish government funding, he built relationships with Scandinavian Airlines, laying the groundwork for his startup.

— Anders Forslund
6:00

YC startup: from LOI to physical product

At YC, Anders started with a 3D-printed model and letters of intent (LOIs) from airlines like SAS. They first built a 400-kilowatt motor, which attracted pre-orders from United Airlines, leading to more capital. Anders emphasizes that each funding round requires tangible progress, preferably a touchable physical result, which is more convincing than a business plan.

— Anders Forslund
7:00

United came from a spam folder

Heart's first major customer, United Airlines, came from a spam folder. Clara discovered the inbound email while cleaning spam and invited them for a visit. After seeing the electric motor, United immediately understood and placed an order. This highlights the importance of showing physical products directly and the potential of unconventional channels.

— Anders Forslund
8:00

In-house manufacturing and testing

Heart designs and manufactures most aircraft components in its Los Angeles factory, including actuators and fuselage. They choose to build critical parts in-house to avoid dependence on single suppliers and accelerate iteration. The entire factory acts like a large test bench, where faults can be injected to ensure systems operate safely under abnormal conditions.

— Anders Forslund
10:00

Battery and hybrid solution

Heart's battery lab tests cells from Chinese, American, and Korean manufacturers, with current highest energy density at 370 Wh/kg, approaching the 400 Wh/kg target. To solve the backup battery issue, they adopt a hybrid system using a simple turboprop engine as backup, adding about 20% upfront cost but enabling a 500-mile range and meeting safety reserve requirements.

— Anders Forslund
11:08

Risk philosophy and market positioning

Heart borrows SpaceX's risk management philosophy, focusing on minimizing the impact of errors rather than avoiding risk entirely. They are not building flying taxis but directly attacking the mainstream aircraft market with 36 seats, leveraging the existing infrastructure of 5,000 airports. Compared to hydrogen, hybrid electric already has a significant green premium advantage, and aircraft appreciate over time like houses.

— Anders Forslund

In their own words · checked verbatim

This is the largest electric airplane ever to fly It's got 100 foot wingspan, a take off weight of 25,000 and the electricity to get it off the ground costs just $5

Anders Forslund0:00

So it's this really, really simple thing that has very few moving parts, so it means that you can produce them a lot cheaper.They don't break because they don't really have combustion or.Fluid, so you get basically zero wear.

Anders Forslund1:30

Half of all flights in the world are under two hours. There is a replacement market here that's not even driven by cost.

Anders Forslund3:00

I was actually doing research on this being paid by the Swedish government to go around, speak to all the airlines before I even had a company, establish the relationships with the airlines in the Nordics before I even like tried to build something

Anders Forslund4:09

If you're a founder listening to this, the learning that you should have is every time you need more capital, it needs to be something material, ideally something physical you can touch that you can show.That you've made

Anders Forslund6:00

United Airlines came through an inbound email through our.Info email, Clara was looking at it, and she was like.I think this might be a thing like he was like cleaning out the spam

Anders Forslund7:00

The highest thing that we have on this table right now is about 370 one of the manufacturers and is producing something at that 400 level that we're expecting to have within the next couple months easily meets our targets for the first generation of the aircraft

Anders Forslund10:00

Figures

Takeoff electricity cost$50:00
Wingspan100 feet0:00
Takeoff weight25,000 pounds0:00
All-electric range125 miles0:00
Hybrid range500 miles0:00
Charging timeabout 30 minutes0:00
Share of global flights under two hourshalf3:00
Operating cost improvement48%3:00
Battery energy density370 Wh/kg10:00
Number of seats3610:00

Glossary

LOI
A non-binding document expressing an airline's intent to purchase, not a contract.
hybrid electric
Combining batteries with a conventional engine to provide backup power.
green premium
The extra cost of clean technology compared to traditional technology; here, it is negative.

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Who it's for

Entrepreneurs, investors, and engineers focused on clean energy, aviation technology, and startup funding.