央行不愿废除百元美钞：那是一笔 2.5 万亿无息贷款

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But the most widely used estimate is that We're talking about between 2% and 5% of global GDP. And since global GDP is approximately $ 100 trillion, that means between $ 2 and $ 5 trillion being laundered globally.

但目前最常用的估计是，全球 GDP 的 2% 到 5% 正在被洗钱。全球 GDP 大约 100 万亿美元，也就是说每年有 2 万亿到 5 万亿美元被洗白。

Oliver Bullough5:09

Cash is a hugely significant tool for moving illicit wealth around the world. And even that is dwarfed by what we refer to as trade-based money laundering. It is essentially a way of moving value around the world, not in the form of money at all, but in the form of stuff.

现金是全世界转移非法财富的极重要工具，但即便这样，它也被我们所说的贸易型洗钱甩开几个身位。贸易型洗钱本质上根本不用钱来转移价值，而是用「货物」来转移价值。

Oliver Bullough12:14

So there is very little demand for cash from society. So you would expect, therefore, the supply of cash to be collapsing. And yet at the same time that the demand is very low, For some reason, supply is very, very high and getting higher all the time, consistently, almost everywhere.

所以社会对现金的需求非常少。按理说现金的供应应该萎缩才对。可就在需求极低的同时，因为某种原因，供应却非常高，而且一直在创新高，全世界几乎都一样。

Oliver Bullough27:27

if you take a $ 100 bill out the bank, you're not actually buying that $ 100 bill because you can sell it back at any time for the same amount that you bought it for. So actually, it's an interest-free loan to the government is what it really is.

如果你从银行取出一张百元美钞，你并不是真的买下这张纸，因为你可以随时按同样的价格把它卖回去。所以它实质上是一笔给政府的无息贷款。

Oliver Bullough32:31

if the US stops producing its $ 100 bill, and I wish it would, I don't think that there is anyone really, who would be inconvenienced by the lack of $ 100 bills except the bad guys.

如果美国停止印制百元美钞——我希望它真的会停——我不认为除了坏蛋之外，有任何人会真的感到不便。

Oliver Bullough35:34

Criminals have always liked to stack different techniques on top of each other. And so, yeah, cash remains the most useful criminal tool at a street level. But it's bulky, it's not secure. It's kind of annoying and smelly. It's annoying to count and so on. So if you can get away from using that as quickly as possible in order to move it around the world, that's where crypto comes in and is super useful.

犯罪分子向来喜欢把不同手法层层叠在一起。所以，是的，现金在街头仍然是最好用的犯罪工具，但它笨重、不安全，还有点烦人、有股味道。数起来也很讨厌。所以只要能尽快摆脱现金，把资金转移到世界各地，加密货币就派上用场，而且非常有用。

Oliver Bullough39:40

Instead, we have a system that piles a huge amount of paperwork on financial institutions and a huge amount of expense and occasionally fines them for their trouble, but doesn't really do anything to stop financial crime. And that's kind of, as we say in Britain, ass backwards.

我们的现状是：把海量文书和庞大开销堆在金融机构身上，偶尔罚它们一笔，却完全没有阻止金融犯罪。用我们英国话说，这完全是本末倒置。

Oliver Bullough48:52

数字与实体

术语

seigniorage铸币税

发行货币的利润；现代理解可视为政府从货币持有者手中获得的无息贷款。

trade-based money laundering贸易型洗钱

通过错开发票、转运高价值商品等方式隐藏并转移非法资金。

Vancouver model温哥华模式

用赌场与债务撮合中国富人现金需求和毒品集团现金供给的洗钱循环。

banknote paradox纸币悖论

日常现金使用持续下降，但流通中纸币总额却屡创新高的现象。

SAR (Suspicious Activity Report)可疑活动报告

金融机构向执法部门报告疑似洗钱或犯罪交易的表格；目前多到没人看。

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