央行不願廢除百元美鈔：那是一筆 2.5 萬億無息貸款

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But the most widely used estimate is that We're talking about between 2% and 5% of global GDP. And since global GDP is approximately $ 100 trillion, that means between $ 2 and $ 5 trillion being laundered globally.

但目前最常用的估計是，全球 GDP 的 2% 到 5% 正在被洗錢。全球 GDP 大約 100 萬億美元，也就是說每年有 2 萬億到 5 萬億美元被洗白。

Oliver Bullough5:09

Cash is a hugely significant tool for moving illicit wealth around the world. And even that is dwarfed by what we refer to as trade-based money laundering. It is essentially a way of moving value around the world, not in the form of money at all, but in the form of stuff.

現金是全世界轉移非法財富的極重要工具，但即便這樣，它也被我們所說的貿易型洗錢甩開幾個身位。貿易型洗錢本質上根本不用錢來轉移價值，而是用「貨物」來轉移價值。

Oliver Bullough12:14

So there is very little demand for cash from society. So you would expect, therefore, the supply of cash to be collapsing. And yet at the same time that the demand is very low, For some reason, supply is very, very high and getting higher all the time, consistently, almost everywhere.

所以社會對現金的需求非常少。按理說現金的供應應該萎縮才對。可就在需求極低的同時，因為某種原因，供應卻非常高，而且一直在創新高，全世界幾乎都一樣。

Oliver Bullough27:27

if you take a $ 100 bill out the bank, you're not actually buying that $ 100 bill because you can sell it back at any time for the same amount that you bought it for. So actually, it's an interest-free loan to the government is what it really is.

如果你從銀行取出一張百元美鈔，你並不是真的買下這張紙，因為你可以隨時按同樣的價格把它賣回去。所以它實質上是一筆給政府的無息貸款。

Oliver Bullough32:31

if the US stops producing its $ 100 bill, and I wish it would, I don't think that there is anyone really, who would be inconvenienced by the lack of $ 100 bills except the bad guys.

如果美國停止印製百元美鈔——我希望它真的會停——我不認為除了壞蛋之外，有任何人會真的感到不便。

Oliver Bullough35:34

Criminals have always liked to stack different techniques on top of each other. And so, yeah, cash remains the most useful criminal tool at a street level. But it's bulky, it's not secure. It's kind of annoying and smelly. It's annoying to count and so on. So if you can get away from using that as quickly as possible in order to move it around the world, that's where crypto comes in and is super useful.

犯罪分子向來喜歡把不同手法層層疊在一起。所以，是的，現金在街頭仍然是最好用的犯罪工具，但它笨重、不安全，還有點煩人、有股味道。數起來也很討厭。所以只要能儘快擺脫現金，把資金轉移到世界各地，加密貨幣就派上用場，而且非常有用。

Oliver Bullough39:40

Instead, we have a system that piles a huge amount of paperwork on financial institutions and a huge amount of expense and occasionally fines them for their trouble, but doesn't really do anything to stop financial crime. And that's kind of, as we say in Britain, ass backwards.

我們的現狀是：把海量文書和龐大開銷堆在金融機構身上，偶爾罰它們一筆，卻完全沒有阻止金融犯罪。用我們英國話說，這完全是本末倒置。

Oliver Bullough48:52

數字與實體

術語

seigniorage鑄幣稅

發行貨幣的利潤；現代理解可視為政府從貨幣持有者手中獲得的無息貸款。

trade-based money laundering貿易型洗錢

通過錯開發票、轉運高價值商品等方式隱藏並轉移非法資金。

Vancouver model溫哥華模式

用賭場與債務撮合中國富人現金需求和毒品集團現金供給的洗錢循環。

banknote paradox紙幣悖論

日常現金使用持續下降，但流通中紙幣總額卻屢創新高的現象。

SAR (Suspicious Activity Report)可疑活動報告

金融機構向執法部門報告疑似洗錢或犯罪交易的表格；目前多到沒人看。

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